Burst pipes cluster in a few cold spells each winter. Some come from freezing, but a surprising number are older pipes and fittings that finally give way under the stress of temperature swings. Knowing why they burst and what the early signs look like can save you a ceiling, a floor and a very expensive insurance claim.
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Reason 1: Freezing
When water in a pipe freezes it expands, and the ice forms a plug. Pressure builds between the plug and a closed tap until the pipe or a joint splits. Very often you will not see a leak until the thaw, when water suddenly flows through the split. That is why burst pipes are often discovered the morning after a cold night, or when people come home after a weekend away.
Reason 2: Age and corrosion
Many London homes still have original copper or even older lead and iron pipework in places. Over decades, pinhole corrosion, worn compression fittings and perished rubber hoses weaken the system. Cold weather does not cause the weakness, but the contraction and expansion of pipes as temperatures swing can be the final straw.
Reason 3: High water pressure
Mains pressure varies across London. Where pressure is high, fittings, flexible tap connectors and appliance hoses are under constant strain. A pressure-reducing valve can protect a system that regularly sees high pressure.
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Reason 4: Accidental damage
Nails and screws through floors and walls, DIY drilling and building work are common causes of sudden leaks, especially during renovations. Always check for pipes before drilling, particularly near radiators, sinks and directly above or below them.
Early warning signs
- Damp patches or staining on ceilings and walls
- A musty smell under sinks or in cupboards
- Water pressure that suddenly drops
- The sound of running water when everything is off
- A water meter that keeps turning when no taps are on
- Bulging, frosted or discoloured sections of pipe
How to prevent a burst pipe
- Lag pipes in lofts, garages and under floors
- Isolate and drain outside taps every autumn
- Keep a little heat on when you are away in cold weather
- Replace old flexible hoses on washing machines and taps
- Know where your stopcock is and make sure it turns
Frequently asked questions
Does home insurance cover burst pipes?
Most buildings and contents policies cover sudden escape of water, but not wear and tear or poor maintenance. Check your policy and photograph damage before cleaning up.
Can a burst pipe be repaired the same day?
Usually, yes. Most accessible bursts can be cut out and repaired in one visit.
What should I do first?
Turn off the stopcock, switch off electrics near the water if it is safe to do so, and call a plumber.
